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= Project Proposal=
+
==PROJECT PROPOSAL==
  
 
==PERSONAL INFORMATION==
 
==PERSONAL INFORMATION==
  
 
Name: Isaac Kamga.
 
Name: Isaac Kamga.
 +
 
E-mail: u2isaac@gmail.com.
 
E-mail: u2isaac@gmail.com.
−
IRC Username: Izak.
 
−
Phone: +237 74 10 62 97.
 
−
Brief Background information:
 
−
I am a final year Master of Science in Computer Science student at the University of Buea , Cameroon , Africa holding a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics. By June , I would have rounded up with my thesis and will be available for 40+ hours weekly to implement a heart surface primitive for BRLCAD software.
 
  
−
=PROJECT INFORMATION=
+
Internet Relay Chat Username: Izak.
 +
 
 +
Brief Background information.
 +
 
 +
I am a final year Master of Science in Computer Science student at the University of Buea , Cameroon , Africa holding a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics.I have worked on various data structuring, algorithmic and compiler-related individual and team projects in the University community which I really enjoyed.By June , I expect to be done with the writing of my thesis and will be available for 40+ hours weekly to implement a heart surface primitive for BRLCAD software.If I am not done with the thesis or I am given more work,I will work on the thesis writing during the day and allocate time to work on the BRL-CAD software during the night hours making sure I dedicate atleast 40 hours each week.
 +
 
 +
==PROJECT INFORMATION==
  
−
PROJECT TITLE: IMPLEMENTING A HEART SURFACE PRIMITIVE
+
PROJECT TITLE: Implementation of a heart primitive.
  
 
==PROJECT SUMMARY==
 
==PROJECT SUMMARY==
−
We live in a three dimensional world and we frequently have to consider objects which have surfaces - whether these are terrains on planets ,the surface of a gadget, or organs in our internal worlds.In recent times, the need to visualise the surfaces of internal organs such as the heart , liver , brain ,just to name a few,  has escalated due to the explosion in cases of heart disease and cancer. There is an imminent need for the BRLCAD software, which aspires to be the best computer assisted design software, to possess a heart primitive which can assistusers like medical personnel model the heart and plan the effective treatment of cardiac disease.The implementation of a heart primitive also stands as a great opportunity to provide open source C code for the hacker community which can aid in the implementation of other similar geometries which are based on the sextic equations.     
+
In our world today , we observe that all solid objects are simply combinations of basic ones like cubes,spheres,cones,etc and we frequently have to manipulate objects which have surfaces such as gadgets and devices . With the explosion in ubiquitous technology, Computer-aided design (CAD) software help us create digital content in adverts and movies as well as visualize some solid objects like perfume bottles and shampoo before they are actually manufactured. In this project, we propose that BRL-CAD, which aspires to be the best CAD software, should incorporate a heart, a symbol of love, into its core functionality as one of its basic solid objects in order to increase its customer base and differentiate itself amongst its competitors. Indeed, this heart structure ( also called a heart primitive ) shall be used by those producing cartoons and designing electronic cards, gifts and presents during celebrations such as birthdays, weddings,family reunions, anniversaries and Valentine's day which deeply appeals to many individuals,families and communities.So during the summer, this heart primitive will be included into the raytrace library as a set of routines with corresponding support added to other parts of the source code.
−
I intend to implement a heart primitive for the BRLCAD software simply by writing a set of routines.These routines will be stored in three (3) files namely hrt.c , hrt_brep.cpp and hrt_mirror.c as is the naming convention of the BRLCAD software primitives.
 
−
The hrt.c file will contain routines ( functions ) that execute ray intersection with a heart,a geometric analysis of the heart ,a geometricrepresentation of the heart and constructive solid geometry (CSG) modelling . The hrt_brep.cpp is a piece of source code written in the C++language which executes a  boundary representation of a heart. Finally , hrt_mirror.c will  provide mirror support for the heart primitive against a particular plane .
 
  
 
==PROJECT DESCRIPTION==
 
==PROJECT DESCRIPTION==
  
 
In this section of this proposal, I give a detailed description of how I am going to implement the heart primitive.
 
In this section of this proposal, I give a detailed description of how I am going to implement the heart primitive.
−
Inorder to implement a heart primitive for the BRLCAD software, we have to write a set of routines.These routines will be stored in three (3) files namely hrt.c , hrt_brep.cpp and hrt_mirror.c.The hrt.c file will contain routines ( functions ) that help a ray intersect with a heart as well as the combination of regions using boolean operations which assist BRLCAD users in constructive solid geometry (CSG) modelling. The hrt_brep.cpp is a boundary representation of a heart which combines three (3) elliptical paraboloids.Finally , hrt_mirror.c provides mirror support for the heart primitive.
+
In order to implement a heart primitive for the BRL-CAD software, we have to write a set of routines.These routines will be stored in the hrt.c file that help for ray intersection, geometric representation and analysis of the a heart as well as the combination of regions using boolean operations which assist BRLCAD users in constructive solid geometry (C.S.G.) modeling.
  
 
--hrt.c
 
--hrt.c
 
Here, we implement ray intersection , geometric analysis , geometric representation and combine several elliptical paraboloids to form a heart.
 
Here, we implement ray intersection , geometric analysis , geometric representation and combine several elliptical paraboloids to form a heart.
 
This hrt.c file is the heart of the heart primitive.
 
This hrt.c file is the heart of the heart primitive.
−
We include common.h for portability , system headers like stdio.h, math.h and stddef.h, db.h for database interactions, raytrace.h and rtgeom.h . The heart has vertices V,E1,E2,E3,E4 and E5.
+
We include common.h for portability , system headers like stdio.h, math.h and stddef.h, db.h for database interactions, raytrace.h and rtgeeom.h .
−
We intend to intersect a ray with a heart by solving the sextic equation of the heart given by the formular
+
 
 +
The sextic equation given below by the formula
 +
 +
F(x,y,z)=0 ------- (1)
 
   
 
   
−
            (x^2 + 9/4*y^2 + z^2 - 1 )^3 - x^2*z^3 - 9/200 * y^2 * z^3 = 0.( a^b menas a raised to the power b )
+
where F(x,y,z) = (x^2 + 9/4*y^2 + z^2 - 1 )^3 - x^2*y^3 - 9/80 * y^3 * z^3
 +
 
 +
defines the surface of the heart and it happens to be symmetric along the x-axis. We need to Solve this equation for x^2 inorder to enable us plot the heart curve in three dimensions.
 +
To do this, we rewrite the equation into a function of two variables P(y,z) which yields Q(x,y).
 +
We get x = Q(y,z) = sqrt(P(y,z)).
 +
The sextic equation above gets sinplified to the formula
 +
 
 +
(a + 9/4*y^2 + z^2 - 1)^3 - a*y^3 - 9/80*y^3*z^3 = 0 ---------- (2)
 +
 
 +
by a = P(y,z) = x^2.
 +
 
 +
This gets reduced to a cubic (of power 3) polynomial given below
 +
 
 +
a^3 + b*a^2 + c*a + d = 0-------------(3)
 +
 
 +
where
 +
 
 +
b = P1(y,z) = 27/4 * y^2 + 3 * z^2 - 3.
 +
c = P2(y,z) = 405/16 * y^4 - 27/4 * y^2 + z^4 + 9/2 * z^2 * ( y^2 + 1) + 1.
 +
d = P3(y,z) = 729/64*y^6+243/16*z^2*y^4+27/4*y^2*z^4-27/4*y^2*z^2-81/4*y^4+9/2*y^2+z^6-z^4 + z^2-1.
 +
 
 +
The cubic equation in (3) can be solved algebraically using a division method or a decomposition as referenced in the research articles below (See "Links to code and algorithms you intend to use" section in this proposal).
 +
The roots of the equation will be Q(x,y) = {a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6} where ai = Q(x,y) for i in {1,2,3,4,5,6}.
 +
We are now able to plot the heart curve in 3D.
 +
 
 +
Ray tracing
 +
 
 +
Now we go over to how I intend to evaluate a ray against the sextic equation in (1).
 +
 
 +
First of all , I will parametrize the sextic surface equation in (1) by converting it into the form
 +
 
 +
x = F1(u,v) ----------- (4)
 +
 
 +
y = F2(u,v) ----------- (5)
 +
 
 +
z = F3(u,v) ----------- (6)
 +
 
 +
I intend to compute the normal vector (ray) using the cross product of the partial derivatives of the coordinate functions. That is,
 +
 
 +
F1u(u,v) = partial(F1(u, v)) / partial(u) ------------- (i)
 +
 
 +
F1v(u, v) = partial(F1(u, v)) / partial(v) -------------(ii)
 +
 
 +
F2u(u, v) = partial(F2(u, v)) / partial(u) -------------(iii)
 +
 
 +
F2v(u, v) = partial(F2(u, v)) / partial(v) -------------(iv)
 +
 
 +
F3u(u, v) = partial(F3(u, v)) / partial(u) --------------(v)
 +
 
 +
F3v(u, v) = partial(F3(u, v)) / partial(v) --------------(vi)
 +
 
 +
where the vectors
 +
 
 +
tu(u, v) = <F1u(u,v), F2u(u,v) , F3u(u,v)> and tv(u, v) = <F1v(u,v) , F2v(u,v) F3v(u,v)> are tangents to the surface. Thus, we obtain the vector perpendicular to the tangent ( the normal to the surface) which is N(u, v) = p(u, v) / || p(u, v) || where p(u, v) = tu(u,v) X tv(u,v).
 +
The normal to the surface N(u,v) is the ray touching the heart from a particular point in 3D.
 +
 
 +
Rendering
 +
 
 +
Here, I discuss how I intend to do visualization (geometric representation and analysis). I intend to do this by finding the intersection points between the line (light ray ) and the heart. We simply will write a line-heart test which tells us if a point on the heart surface intersects with the heart. The points of intersection are those that satisfy the line equation and the equation for the surface of the heart at the same coordinates x, y, z.
 +
Here , we equate (1) and the equation of the line given below by
 +
 
 +
X = o + dL --------------- (7)
 +
 
 +
where d > 0 , X = (x,y,z) is in R^3 and L is the direction of the line.
  
−
1. We create bounding box for the heart.
+
To search for points that are on the line and on the heart means combining the equations and solving for d. When equations are combined , expanded and rearranged , we get  a quadratic equation
−
2.We transform the points on the heart to points on a heart centred at the origin, with a height along the the positive Z axis and a vertex V.
+
 
−
3.We find the point of intersection W of a line with the surface of a heart and the vector normal to the tangent plane at the point of intersection.
+
a*d^2 + b*d + c = 0 ---------------(8)
−
4.We write routines to interact with the values of the heart in the databse.For example, routine to free the database storage of he heart, change databse formats and export the heart from the databse.
+
 
−
5. We then write routines to compute the volume, surface area and centroid of the heart.
+
which can be solved using the quadratic formula.
−
Routines to print the heart , get curve points, plot the heart and tesselate will be written.
+
 
−
6. We write routines to return the normal, entry and exit points of a ray .
+
d = -b + sqrt(b^2 - 4 * a * c) / 2*a and d = -b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c) / 2*a.
 +
 
 +
If the value of b^2 - 4*a*c is less than zero, then it is clear that no solutions exist, that is, the line does not intersect the heart.If it is zero, then exactly one solution exists, that is, the line just touches the heart in one point.If it is greater than zero, two solutions exist, and thus the line touches the heart in two points (the entry and exit point).
 +
 
 +
Boolean operations
 +
 
 +
Intersection
 +
In order to write the intersection of different primitives with the heart primitive , I will solve for the 3D surface R(x,y,z) using the method given above (Equating (1) and the equation of the given primitive).
  
−
--hrt_brep.cpp
+
We create bounding box for the heart.
  
−
A heart is similar to an epa or seen as an intersection of three elliptic paraboloids (epa).
+
We transform the points on the heart to points on a heart centered at the origin, with a height along the the positive Z axis and a vertex V.
−
We include some headers like raytrace.h, rtgeom.h and brep.h to support ray tracing , geometry and boundary representation.
 
−
The first is viewed as a canonical paraboloid with a vertex V with coordinates in the negative Z axis opening towards the positive Z axis.Later, a plane is constructed which cuts through the upward facing paraboloid and forms a flat elliptical face.The points where plane intersects with the parabola are noted as E1 and E2.The midpoint of the line E1,E2  called E3 is located on the Z-axis. The midpoints of the line E1 to Z-axis is calculated and a point from this midpoint upwards in the positive Z direction such that the distance from E4 to plane L is |E1 - Z-axis| / 4. Do same to region between Z axis and E2 to get E5.Elliptic paraboloids opening at E4 and E5 opening in the negative Z direction.The epa opening at E4 passes through E1 and E3 while the other epa passes through E2 and E3.       
 
−
After, we create a nurbs surface passing through the points V,E1,E2,E3,E4 and E5 and get the nurbs form of the surface.
 
  
−
--hrt_mirror.c
+
We find the point of intersection W of a line with the surface of a heart and the vector normal to the tangent plane at the point of intersection.
−
Based on a pointer to the GED database, this file's code mirrors the heart's values about the given trasformation matrix.We follow the following steps:
 
  
−
1.Perform a mirror down the X axis.
+
We write routines to interact with the values of the heart in the database.For example, routine to free the database storage of he heart, change database formats and export the heart from the database.
−
2.Create the rotation matrix and translation matrices and add them to the mirror matrix.
+
 
−
3. Mirror the points V and E1,E2,E3,E4 and E5.
+
We then write routines to compute the volume, surface area and centroid of the heart.
 +
Routines to print the heart , get curve points, plot the heart and tesselate will be written.
 +
 
 +
We write routines to return the normal, entry and exit points of a ray .
  
 
===LINKS TO CODE OR ALGORITHMS WHICH YOU INTEND TO USE===
 
===LINKS TO CODE OR ALGORITHMS WHICH YOU INTEND TO USE===
Line 59: Line 132:
  
 
1.Taubin, G. "An Accurate Algorithm for Rasterizing Algebraic Curves." In Second ACM/IEEE        Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications Proceedings. 221-230, May 1993.  
 
1.Taubin, G. "An Accurate Algorithm for Rasterizing Algebraic Curves." In Second ACM/IEEE        Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications Proceedings. 221-230, May 1993.  
 +
 
2.Nordstrand, T. "Heart." http://jalape.no/math/hearttxt.  
 
2.Nordstrand, T. "Heart." http://jalape.no/math/hearttxt.  
−
3.A Generalization of Algebraic Surface drawing by James F. Blinn.
+
 
−
4.mathworlds' sextic equation.
+
3."A Generalization of Algebraic Surface drawing" by James F. Blinn.
−
5.mathworld's Gamma function
+
 
 +
4.Wolfram mathworld's sextic equation:http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeartSurface.html
 +
 
 +
5.Solving sextic equations by division , Raghavendra G. Kulkarni.
 +
 
 +
6.Solving sextic equations by decomposition , Raghavendra G. Kulkarni.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
  
 
Pictures
 
Pictures
  
 
1.Three dimensional heart with sextic equation:
 
1.Three dimensional heart with sextic equation:
−
2.Two dimensinal heart with sextic equation:
+
 
 +
http://www.google.cm/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Heart3D.png/400px-Heart3D.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_%28symbol%29&usg=__XN7WVIXRvY-U2iWfJEUScKLec3w=&h=431&w=400&sz=46&hl=en&start=7&zoom=1&tbnid=kE8CeD2yTcfjQM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=117&ei=wv5_UY7cFqbk4QTGwIHIDQ&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDcQrQMwBg
 +
 
 +
 
 +
2.Two dimensional heart with sextic equation:
 +
 
 +
http://www.google.cm/imgres?imgurl=http://image.spreadshirt.com/image-server/v1/compositions/3874833/views/1,width%3D280,height%3D280,appearanceId%3D1.png/yellowibis-com-mathematics-toddler-t-heart-surface-white_design.png&imgrefurl=http://yellowibis.spreadshirt.com/yellowibis-com-mathematics-toddler-t-heart-surface-white-A3491939&usg=__RGCh-_OLatg54LA5YvW6RlD4Hr8=&h=280&w=280&sz=40&hl=en&start=11&zoom=1&tbnid=EAbPmsQpWM9CeM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=114&ei=wv5_UY7cFqbk4QTGwIHIDQ&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CD8QrQMwCg
 +
 
 +
 
 
3.Three dimensional heart centered at origin according to Taubin,G:
 
3.Three dimensional heart centered at origin according to Taubin,G:
 +
 +
http://www.google.cm/imgres?imgurl=http://www.maa.org/mathland/pic03563.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_02_11_02.html&usg=__DBx2PqQ_2PQIprMydn8zBX5VS60=&h=200&w=200&sz=6&hl=en&start=4&zoom=1&tbnid=qBdMD9--k5-pOM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&ei=DQGAUdCmO4HX4ASa9YGoDQ&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDEQrQMwAw
 +
  
 
Code patch
 
Code patch
−
http://sourceforge.net/patchtracer/
+
 
 +
http://sourceforge.net/p/brlcad/patches/174/
  
 
==DELIVERABLES==
 
==DELIVERABLES==
Line 77: Line 171:
 
Pre mid term evaluation period
 
Pre mid term evaluation period
  
−
* Implementating a heart primitive (hrt.c file).
+
* Ray intersection with heart.
 +
* Geometric analysis and representation
 +
* Compute heart metrics like surface area and volume of heart.
 
* Testing of hrt.c.
 
* Testing of hrt.c.
 
   
 
   
 
Post mid term evaluation period
 
Post mid term evaluation period
  
−
* Implementation of heart primitive's boundary representa‭tion ( hrt_brep.cpp ).
+
* Combinations and regions using booolean operations.
−
* Testing of hrt_brep.cpp code.
+
* Database interactions.
−
* Implementing mirror support for heart primitive (hrt_mirror.c).
+
* Intersections with other primitives.
−
* Testing of hrt_mirror.c
+
* Integrating and documenting heart primitive into BRLCAD
−
* Integrating and documenting heart primitive into BRLCAD.
 
  
 
==DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE AND TIMELINE==
 
==DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE AND TIMELINE==
Line 94: Line 189:
 
(3 weeks)
 
(3 weeks)
  
−
-Study BRLCAD manuals,tutorials series and documentation concerning hacking.
+
*Study BRL-CAD manuals,tutorials series and documentation concerning hacking.
  
−
-Compile BRL-CAD source code ,Study code base and remove bugs.
+
*Compile BRL-CAD source code ,Study code base and remove bugs.
  
−
-Discuss with other developers and BRLCAD mentors to refine mailing-list etiquette.
+
*Discuss with other developers and BRL-CAD mentors to refine mailing-list etiquette.
  
−
-Study the src/librt/primitives/*/* and /include libraries.
+
*Study the src/librt/primitives/*/* and /include libraries.
−
 
 
−
-Acquaint myself with necessary software like svn.
 
  
 +
*Acquaint myself with necessary software like svn
  
 
June 17th to July 26th : Work period (Pre-mid term evaluation)
 
June 17th to July 26th : Work period (Pre-mid term evaluation)
 
          
 
          
−
(4 weeks)
+
(1 week)  
−
+
 
−
-Writing routines for hrt.c.
+
*Ray intersection with heart.
 +
 
 +
*Testing and debugging routines.
 +
 
 +
(2 weeks)
  
−
-Ray intersection with heart.
+
*Geometric analysis and representation.
  
−
-Combinations and regions using boolean operations.
+
*Testing and debugging routines.
  
−
-Database interactions
+
(1 week)
  
−
-Geometric analysis and representation.
+
*Compute heart metrics like surface area and volume of heart.
  
−
-Compute heart metrics like surface area and volume of heart.
+
*Testing and debugging routines.  
−
+
     
 
(2 weeks)
 
(2 weeks)
  
−
-Testing and debugging of the hrt.c code.
+
*Testing routines in hrt.c code.
 +
 
 +
*Submission of hrt.c to mentors for corrections.
  
−
-Submission of hrt.c to mentors for corrections.
 
  
 
June 29th to August 2nd : Mid-term evaluation
 
June 29th to August 2nd : Mid-term evaluation
Line 131: Line 230:
 
(1 week)
 
(1 week)
  
−
-Submission of hrt.c to Google.
+
*Submission of preliminary hrt.c to Google.
 
 
 
Aug 5th to Sept 13th : Work period (Post mid-term evaluation)
 
Aug 5th to Sept 13th : Work period (Post mid-term evaluation)
−
 
−
(3 weeks)
 
  
−
-Writing routines for a heart boundary representation.
+
(2 weeks)
  
−
-Finding necessary cutting planes.
+
*Combinations and regions using
  
−
-Creating elliptical paraboloids.
+
*-intersection operation.
  
−
-Creating nurbs surface.
+
*-union operation .
  
−
-Getting nurbs form of the heart surface.
+
*-exclusion operation.
  
−
-Testing and debugging of hrt_brep.cpp.
+
(2 weeks)
  
−
-Submit hrt_brep.cpp code to mentors for appraisal.
+
*Database interactions.
−
       
 
−
(3 weeks)
 
  
−
-Writing mirror support for heart (hrt_mirror.c).
+
*Intersections with other primitives.
  
−
-Mirror along the x-axis.
+
(2 weeks)
−
 
+
−
-Create necessary transformation matrices.
+
*Testing and debugging of hrt.c.
−
 
 
−
-Add transformation matrices to mirror matrix.
 
−
 
 
−
-Mirror the heart vertices.
 
−
 
 
−
-Testing and debugging of hrt_mirror.c.
 
  
−
-Submit hrt_mirror.c to mentors for appraisal.
 
 
   
 
   
 
Sep 16th to Sep 27th: Testing and Documentation period
 
Sep 16th to Sep 27th: Testing and Documentation period
Line 171: Line 259:
 
(1 week)
 
(1 week)
  
−
-Integrating heart primitive into BRLCAD.
+
*Integrating heart primitive into BRL-CAD.
  
−
-Final testing and debugging of src/librt/primitives/hrt/* code.
+
*Final testing and debugging of src/librt/primitives/hrt/hrt.c code.
 +
 +
*Documenting heart primitive in BRL-CAD.
  
−
-Documenting heart primitive in BRL-CAD.
+
*Submit hrt.c code to Google.
−
 
 
−
-Submit hrt_* code to Google.
 
 
          
 
          
−
(1 week)  
+
(1 week)
 +
 +
*Final submission of hrt.c code to Google.
  
−
-Final submission of hrt* code to Google.
+
==TIME AVAILABILITY.==
  
−
==TIME AVAILABILITY.==
+
I am at the last phase of my M.Sc. research and will be done with the thesis before June. I will have ample time to code full time for 40+ hours weekly till the end of the summer holidays.My thesis defense will take place after the summer holidays in November . If I am done with my thesis in June,  while awaiting defense and graduation in December 2013 after the summer , I will be available for some months to do any polishing and maintenance work given to me by BRL-CAD mentors.If I am not done with the thesis or I am given more work, I will work on the thesis writing during the day and allocate time to work on the BRL-CAD software during the night hours making sure I dedicate atleast 40 hours each week.
  
−
I am at the last phase of my M.Sc. research and will be done with the thesis before June. I will have ample time to code fulltime for 40+ hours weekly till the end of the summer holidays.My thesis defense will take place after the summer holidays . Also, while awaiting defense and graduation in December 2013 after the summer , I will be available for some months to do any polishing and maintainance work given to me by BRLCAD mentors.
 
−
 
 
==WHY BRL-CAD?==
 
==WHY BRL-CAD?==
  
−
First of all, I really believe that software can change the world by providing new technologies and that software should be free. I choose BRLCAD because it is a not-for-profit technology organization which offers me the opportunity to assist the United States Army Research Laboratory with tools which help them simulate and visualize their combat vehicle systems and war events. Working with BRLCAD also helps me contribute over the long-term and gain status within the hacker community based on my mathematical/Computing background and academic interests.
+
First of all, I really believe that software can change the world by providing new technologies and that software should be free. I choose BRL-CAD because it is a not-for-profit technology organization which offers me the opportunity to assist the United States Army Research Laboratory with tools which help them simulate and visualize their combat vehicle systems and war events. Working with BRL-CAD also helps me contribute over the long-term and gain status within the hacker community based on my mathematical/Computing background and academic interests.
−
Although I have not contributed before to opensource ,I see implementing a heart surface primitive as a long-awaited opportunity to provide more primitive options (adding a heart to the raytrace library which is the heart of BRLCAD) for the BRLCAD software and a jumpstart to my continued contribution to open source software through BRLCAD.This project will also help BRLCAD users to build three-dimensional models related to the heart and love - a virtue we really need in our world today.
+
Although I have not contributed before to opensource ,I see implementing a heart surface primitive as a long-awaited opportunity to provide more primitive options (adding a heart to the raytrace library which is the heart of BRL-CAD) for the BRL-CAD software and a jumpstart to my continued contribution to open source software through BRL-CAD.This project will also help BRL-CAD users to build three-dimensional models related to the heart and love - a virtue we really need in our world today.
  
 
==WHY YOU?==
 
==WHY YOU?==
 +
  
 
I am a final year M.Sc. student in Computer Science at the University of Buea (www.ubuea.net) , Cameroon , Africa and a holder of a B.Sc. in Mathematics & Computer Science. I am currently rounding up with my research thesis on business process compliance.
 
I am a final year M.Sc. student in Computer Science at the University of Buea (www.ubuea.net) , Cameroon , Africa and a holder of a B.Sc. in Mathematics & Computer Science. I am currently rounding up with my research thesis on business process compliance.
−
I have a good background and intuition in Mathematics and algorithms as well as C/C++ programming. In the past , I worked on various data structuring and algorithmic individual and team projects in the University community which I really enjoyed. For example , I built mini-compilers flex/bison to reason about and infer the regulatory compliance in associated business process graphs . Also , I worked within a team to implement red black trees and variants like order statistics trees , interval trees and persistence trees (over 6000 lines of C code). I was enthused collaborating in teams with other bright thinkers . I was the best on some projects and  mediocre on some others - but I really learnt the importance of communicating and working in teams with other smart individuals.
+
I have a good background and intuition in Mathematics and algorithms as well as C/C++ programming. In the past , I worked on various data structuring and algorithmic individual and team projects in the University community which I really enjoyed. For example , I built mini-compilers flex/bison to reason about and infer the regulatory compliance in associated business process graphs . Also , I worked within a team to implement red black trees and variants like order statistics trees , interval trees and persistence trees (over 6000 lines of C code). I was enthused collaborating in teams with other bright thinkers . I was the best on some projects and  mediocre on some others - but I really learned the importance of communicating and working in teams with other smart individuals.  
−
I was born into an extended family of researchers in Research institutions and Universities under the Cameroonian government.This gave me the passion to become a researcher for not-for-profit organizations and contribute to the open source community. With this upbringing ,background and experience, I think I have the necessary skills to implement a heart surface primitive for the BRLCAD software. I am familiar with various open source software engineering tools like svn, gcc, gdb ,emacs ,etc and switched to Linux distributions ( using Red Hat and Ubuntu ) since 2010.  
+
I was born into an extended family of researchers in Research institutions and Universities under the Cameroonian government.This gave me the passion to become a researcher for not-for-profit organizations and contribute to the open source community. With this upbringing ,background and experience, I think I have the necessary skills to implement a heart surface primitive for the BRL-CAD software. I am familiar with various open source software engineering tools like svn, gcc, gdb ,emacs ,etc and switched to Linux distributions ( using Red Hat and Ubuntu ) since 2010.
−
Also, I am at the last phase of my research and will be done with the thesis before June. I will have ample time to code away the summer holidays .
+
Also, I am at the last phase of my research and will be done with the thesis before June. I will have ample time to code away the summer holidays .If I am not done with the thesis or I am given more work,I will work on the thesis writing during the day and allocate time to work on the BRL-CAD software during the night hours making sure I dedicate atleast 40 hours each week. Lastly , I will make sure I communicate my progress , problems encountered and further work to my mentors in Weekly reports to facilitate the supervision and management of the project. I will discuss with mentors real time for short clarifications on IRC chat and demand long clarifications on the mailing list.
−
Lastly , I will make sure I communicate my progress , problems encountered and further work to my mentors in Weekly reports to fascilitate the supervision and management of the project. I will also discuss with mentors for other needed clarifications on IRC chat.  
+
 
−
 
 
==ANYTHING ELSE?==  
 
==ANYTHING ELSE?==  
  
−
I think it would be great for BRLCAD to select me for various reasons. Firstly , it will greatly encourage the programmers around my community and country to come up to hackerdom standard and contribute to open source projects. It will also attract and encourage a lot of young ones in my country and continent towards the computing field as a whole. Also, BRL-CAD will gain the reputation of encouraging equal opportunity and ethnic diversity by helping to groom more hackers from underrepresented minority backgrounds in computing like Africa.
+
I think it would be great for BRL-CAD to select me for various reasons. Firstly , it will greatly encourage the programmers around my community and country to come up to hackerdom standard and contribute to open source projects.  
 +
It will also attract and encourage a lot of young ones in my country and continent towards the computing field as a whole.  
 +
Also, BRL-CAD will gain the reputation of encouraging equal opportunity and ethnic diversity by helping to groom more hackers from underrepresented minority backgrounds in computing like Africa.
 +
 
 +
==DEVELOPMENT REPORT==
 +
 
 +
You want to read my [http://brlcad.org/wiki/User:Izak/GSOC_2013_logs diary] to know the status of my work.

Latest revision as of 02:06, 7 August 2013

PROJECT PROPOSAL[edit]

PERSONAL INFORMATION[edit]

Name: Isaac Kamga.

E-mail: u2isaac@gmail.com.

Internet Relay Chat Username: Izak.

Brief Background information.

I am a final year Master of Science in Computer Science student at the University of Buea , Cameroon , Africa holding a Bachelor of Science degree in Mathematics.I have worked on various data structuring, algorithmic and compiler-related individual and team projects in the University community which I really enjoyed.By June , I expect to be done with the writing of my thesis and will be available for 40+ hours weekly to implement a heart surface primitive for BRLCAD software.If I am not done with the thesis or I am given more work,I will work on the thesis writing during the day and allocate time to work on the BRL-CAD software during the night hours making sure I dedicate atleast 40 hours each week.

PROJECT INFORMATION[edit]

PROJECT TITLE: Implementation of a heart primitive.

PROJECT SUMMARY[edit]

In our world today , we observe that all solid objects are simply combinations of basic ones like cubes,spheres,cones,etc and we frequently have to manipulate objects which have surfaces such as gadgets and devices . With the explosion in ubiquitous technology, Computer-aided design (CAD) software help us create digital content in adverts and movies as well as visualize some solid objects like perfume bottles and shampoo before they are actually manufactured. In this project, we propose that BRL-CAD, which aspires to be the best CAD software, should incorporate a heart, a symbol of love, into its core functionality as one of its basic solid objects in order to increase its customer base and differentiate itself amongst its competitors. Indeed, this heart structure ( also called a heart primitive ) shall be used by those producing cartoons and designing electronic cards, gifts and presents during celebrations such as birthdays, weddings,family reunions, anniversaries and Valentine's day which deeply appeals to many individuals,families and communities.So during the summer, this heart primitive will be included into the raytrace library as a set of routines with corresponding support added to other parts of the source code.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION[edit]

In this section of this proposal, I give a detailed description of how I am going to implement the heart primitive. In order to implement a heart primitive for the BRL-CAD software, we have to write a set of routines.These routines will be stored in the hrt.c file that help for ray intersection, geometric representation and analysis of the a heart as well as the combination of regions using boolean operations which assist BRLCAD users in constructive solid geometry (C.S.G.) modeling.

--hrt.c Here, we implement ray intersection , geometric analysis , geometric representation and combine several elliptical paraboloids to form a heart. This hrt.c file is the heart of the heart primitive. We include common.h for portability , system headers like stdio.h, math.h and stddef.h, db.h for database interactions, raytrace.h and rtgeeom.h .

The sextic equation given below by the formula

F(x,y,z)=0 ------- (1)

where F(x,y,z) = (x^2 + 9/4*y^2 + z^2 - 1 )^3 - x^2*y^3 - 9/80 * y^3 * z^3

defines the surface of the heart and it happens to be symmetric along the x-axis. We need to Solve this equation for x^2 inorder to enable us plot the heart curve in three dimensions. To do this, we rewrite the equation into a function of two variables P(y,z) which yields Q(x,y). We get x = Q(y,z) = sqrt(P(y,z)). The sextic equation above gets sinplified to the formula

(a + 9/4*y^2 + z^2 - 1)^3 - a*y^3 - 9/80*y^3*z^3 = 0 ---------- (2)

by a = P(y,z) = x^2.

This gets reduced to a cubic (of power 3) polynomial given below

a^3 + b*a^2 + c*a + d = 0-------------(3)

where

b = P1(y,z) = 27/4 * y^2 + 3 * z^2 - 3. c = P2(y,z) = 405/16 * y^4 - 27/4 * y^2 + z^4 + 9/2 * z^2 * ( y^2 + 1) + 1. d = P3(y,z) = 729/64*y^6+243/16*z^2*y^4+27/4*y^2*z^4-27/4*y^2*z^2-81/4*y^4+9/2*y^2+z^6-z^4 + z^2-1.

The cubic equation in (3) can be solved algebraically using a division method or a decomposition as referenced in the research articles below (See "Links to code and algorithms you intend to use" section in this proposal). The roots of the equation will be Q(x,y) = {a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6} where ai = Q(x,y) for i in {1,2,3,4,5,6}. We are now able to plot the heart curve in 3D.

Ray tracing

Now we go over to how I intend to evaluate a ray against the sextic equation in (1).

First of all , I will parametrize the sextic surface equation in (1) by converting it into the form

x = F1(u,v) ----------- (4)

y = F2(u,v) ----------- (5)

z = F3(u,v) ----------- (6)

I intend to compute the normal vector (ray) using the cross product of the partial derivatives of the coordinate functions. That is,

F1u(u,v) = partial(F1(u, v)) / partial(u) ------------- (i)

F1v(u, v) = partial(F1(u, v)) / partial(v) -------------(ii)

F2u(u, v) = partial(F2(u, v)) / partial(u) -------------(iii)

F2v(u, v) = partial(F2(u, v)) / partial(v) -------------(iv)

F3u(u, v) = partial(F3(u, v)) / partial(u) --------------(v)

F3v(u, v) = partial(F3(u, v)) / partial(v) --------------(vi)

where the vectors

tu(u, v) = <F1u(u,v), F2u(u,v) , F3u(u,v)> and tv(u, v) = <F1v(u,v) , F2v(u,v) F3v(u,v)> are tangents to the surface. Thus, we obtain the vector perpendicular to the tangent ( the normal to the surface) which is N(u, v) = p(u, v) / || p(u, v) || where p(u, v) = tu(u,v) X tv(u,v). The normal to the surface N(u,v) is the ray touching the heart from a particular point in 3D.

Rendering

Here, I discuss how I intend to do visualization (geometric representation and analysis). I intend to do this by finding the intersection points between the line (light ray ) and the heart. We simply will write a line-heart test which tells us if a point on the heart surface intersects with the heart. The points of intersection are those that satisfy the line equation and the equation for the surface of the heart at the same coordinates x, y, z. Here , we equate (1) and the equation of the line given below by

X = o + dL --------------- (7)

where d > 0 , X = (x,y,z) is in R^3 and L is the direction of the line.

To search for points that are on the line and on the heart means combining the equations and solving for d. When equations are combined , expanded and rearranged , we get a quadratic equation

a*d^2 + b*d + c = 0 ---------------(8)

which can be solved using the quadratic formula.

d = -b + sqrt(b^2 - 4 * a * c) / 2*a and d = -b - sqrt(b^2 - 4*a*c) / 2*a.

If the value of b^2 - 4*a*c is less than zero, then it is clear that no solutions exist, that is, the line does not intersect the heart.If it is zero, then exactly one solution exists, that is, the line just touches the heart in one point.If it is greater than zero, two solutions exist, and thus the line touches the heart in two points (the entry and exit point).

Boolean operations

Intersection In order to write the intersection of different primitives with the heart primitive , I will solve for the 3D surface R(x,y,z) using the method given above (Equating (1) and the equation of the given primitive).

We create bounding box for the heart.

We transform the points on the heart to points on a heart centered at the origin, with a height along the the positive Z axis and a vertex V.

We find the point of intersection W of a line with the surface of a heart and the vector normal to the tangent plane at the point of intersection.

We write routines to interact with the values of the heart in the database.For example, routine to free the database storage of he heart, change database formats and export the heart from the database.

We then write routines to compute the volume, surface area and centroid of the heart. Routines to print the heart , get curve points, plot the heart and tesselate will be written.

We write routines to return the normal, entry and exit points of a ray .

LINKS TO CODE OR ALGORITHMS WHICH YOU INTEND TO USE[edit]

Research papers

1.Taubin, G. "An Accurate Algorithm for Rasterizing Algebraic Curves." In Second ACM/IEEE Symposium on Solid Modeling and Applications Proceedings. 221-230, May 1993.

2.Nordstrand, T. "Heart." http://jalape.no/math/hearttxt.

3."A Generalization of Algebraic Surface drawing" by James F. Blinn.

4.Wolfram mathworld's sextic equation:http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HeartSurface.html

5.Solving sextic equations by division , Raghavendra G. Kulkarni.

6.Solving sextic equations by decomposition , Raghavendra G. Kulkarni.



Pictures

1.Three dimensional heart with sextic equation:

http://www.google.cm/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Heart3D.png/400px-Heart3D.png&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_%28symbol%29&usg=__XN7WVIXRvY-U2iWfJEUScKLec3w=&h=431&w=400&sz=46&hl=en&start=7&zoom=1&tbnid=kE8CeD2yTcfjQM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=117&ei=wv5_UY7cFqbk4QTGwIHIDQ&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDcQrQMwBg


2.Two dimensional heart with sextic equation:

http://www.google.cm/imgres?imgurl=http://image.spreadshirt.com/image-server/v1/compositions/3874833/views/1,width%3D280,height%3D280,appearanceId%3D1.png/yellowibis-com-mathematics-toddler-t-heart-surface-white_design.png&imgrefurl=http://yellowibis.spreadshirt.com/yellowibis-com-mathematics-toddler-t-heart-surface-white-A3491939&usg=__RGCh-_OLatg54LA5YvW6RlD4Hr8=&h=280&w=280&sz=40&hl=en&start=11&zoom=1&tbnid=EAbPmsQpWM9CeM:&tbnh=114&tbnw=114&ei=wv5_UY7cFqbk4QTGwIHIDQ&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CD8QrQMwCg


3.Three dimensional heart centered at origin according to Taubin,G:

http://www.google.cm/imgres?imgurl=http://www.maa.org/mathland/pic03563.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.maa.org/mathland/mathtrek_02_11_02.html&usg=__DBx2PqQ_2PQIprMydn8zBX5VS60=&h=200&w=200&sz=6&hl=en&start=4&zoom=1&tbnid=qBdMD9--k5-pOM:&tbnh=104&tbnw=104&ei=DQGAUdCmO4HX4ASa9YGoDQ&itbs=1&sa=X&ved=0CDEQrQMwAw


Code patch

http://sourceforge.net/p/brlcad/patches/174/

DELIVERABLES[edit]

Pre mid term evaluation period

  • Ray intersection with heart.
  • Geometric analysis and representation
  • Compute heart metrics like surface area and volume of heart.
  • Testing of hrt.c.

Post mid term evaluation period

  • Combinations and regions using booolean operations.
  • Database interactions.
  • Intersections with other primitives.
  • Integrating and documenting heart primitive into BRLCAD

DEVELOPMENT SCHEDULE AND TIMELINE[edit]

May 27th : Community bonding period

(3 weeks)

  • Study BRL-CAD manuals,tutorials series and documentation concerning hacking.
  • Compile BRL-CAD source code ,Study code base and remove bugs.
  • Discuss with other developers and BRL-CAD mentors to refine mailing-list etiquette.
  • Study the src/librt/primitives/*/* and /include libraries.
  • Acquaint myself with necessary software like svn

June 17th to July 26th : Work period (Pre-mid term evaluation)

(1 week)

  • Ray intersection with heart.
  • Testing and debugging routines.

(2 weeks)

  • Geometric analysis and representation.
  • Testing and debugging routines.

(1 week)

  • Compute heart metrics like surface area and volume of heart.
  • Testing and debugging routines.

(2 weeks)

  • Testing routines in hrt.c code.
  • Submission of hrt.c to mentors for corrections.


June 29th to August 2nd : Mid-term evaluation

(1 week)

  • Submission of preliminary hrt.c to Google.

Aug 5th to Sept 13th : Work period (Post mid-term evaluation)

(2 weeks)

  • Combinations and regions using
  • -intersection operation.
  • -union operation .
  • -exclusion operation.

(2 weeks)

  • Database interactions.
  • Intersections with other primitives.

(2 weeks)

  • Testing and debugging of hrt.c.


Sep 16th to Sep 27th: Testing and Documentation period

(1 week)

  • Integrating heart primitive into BRL-CAD.
  • Final testing and debugging of src/librt/primitives/hrt/hrt.c code.
  • Documenting heart primitive in BRL-CAD.
  • Submit hrt.c code to Google.

(1 week)

  • Final submission of hrt.c code to Google.

TIME AVAILABILITY.[edit]

I am at the last phase of my M.Sc. research and will be done with the thesis before June. I will have ample time to code full time for 40+ hours weekly till the end of the summer holidays.My thesis defense will take place after the summer holidays in November . If I am done with my thesis in June, while awaiting defense and graduation in December 2013 after the summer , I will be available for some months to do any polishing and maintenance work given to me by BRL-CAD mentors.If I am not done with the thesis or I am given more work, I will work on the thesis writing during the day and allocate time to work on the BRL-CAD software during the night hours making sure I dedicate atleast 40 hours each week.

WHY BRL-CAD?[edit]

First of all, I really believe that software can change the world by providing new technologies and that software should be free. I choose BRL-CAD because it is a not-for-profit technology organization which offers me the opportunity to assist the United States Army Research Laboratory with tools which help them simulate and visualize their combat vehicle systems and war events. Working with BRL-CAD also helps me contribute over the long-term and gain status within the hacker community based on my mathematical/Computing background and academic interests. Although I have not contributed before to opensource ,I see implementing a heart surface primitive as a long-awaited opportunity to provide more primitive options (adding a heart to the raytrace library which is the heart of BRL-CAD) for the BRL-CAD software and a jumpstart to my continued contribution to open source software through BRL-CAD.This project will also help BRL-CAD users to build three-dimensional models related to the heart and love - a virtue we really need in our world today.

WHY YOU?[edit]

I am a final year M.Sc. student in Computer Science at the University of Buea (www.ubuea.net) , Cameroon , Africa and a holder of a B.Sc. in Mathematics & Computer Science. I am currently rounding up with my research thesis on business process compliance. I have a good background and intuition in Mathematics and algorithms as well as C/C++ programming. In the past , I worked on various data structuring and algorithmic individual and team projects in the University community which I really enjoyed. For example , I built mini-compilers flex/bison to reason about and infer the regulatory compliance in associated business process graphs . Also , I worked within a team to implement red black trees and variants like order statistics trees , interval trees and persistence trees (over 6000 lines of C code). I was enthused collaborating in teams with other bright thinkers . I was the best on some projects and mediocre on some others - but I really learned the importance of communicating and working in teams with other smart individuals. I was born into an extended family of researchers in Research institutions and Universities under the Cameroonian government.This gave me the passion to become a researcher for not-for-profit organizations and contribute to the open source community. With this upbringing ,background and experience, I think I have the necessary skills to implement a heart surface primitive for the BRL-CAD software. I am familiar with various open source software engineering tools like svn, gcc, gdb ,emacs ,etc and switched to Linux distributions ( using Red Hat and Ubuntu ) since 2010. Also, I am at the last phase of my research and will be done with the thesis before June. I will have ample time to code away the summer holidays .If I am not done with the thesis or I am given more work,I will work on the thesis writing during the day and allocate time to work on the BRL-CAD software during the night hours making sure I dedicate atleast 40 hours each week. Lastly , I will make sure I communicate my progress , problems encountered and further work to my mentors in Weekly reports to facilitate the supervision and management of the project. I will discuss with mentors real time for short clarifications on IRC chat and demand long clarifications on the mailing list.

ANYTHING ELSE?[edit]

I think it would be great for BRL-CAD to select me for various reasons. Firstly , it will greatly encourage the programmers around my community and country to come up to hackerdom standard and contribute to open source projects. It will also attract and encourage a lot of young ones in my country and continent towards the computing field as a whole. Also, BRL-CAD will gain the reputation of encouraging equal opportunity and ethnic diversity by helping to groom more hackers from underrepresented minority backgrounds in computing like Africa.

DEVELOPMENT REPORT[edit]

You want to read my diary to know the status of my work.

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