Difference between revisions of "MGED CMD simulate"

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[[category:tutorials]]
 
[[category:tutorials]]
  
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BRL-CAD recently integrated a new command in its mged tool, the simulate command. To simulate a cube falling to the ground plane one should follow those steps in order to run it in the mged tool.
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BRL-CAD recently integrated a new command into '''mged''', the '''simulate''' command, which allows for rigid-body physics simulations. This tutorial demonstrates the usage of the '''simulate''' command with a simple scene.
  
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BRL-CAD is a CSG (Constructive Solid Geometry) program. The representation is done in a system of axis XYZ. The XY axis is the ground axis, so you should make sure later in the tutorial that your ground plane (referenced as "gp") is being parallel with this axis.
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{|align="right"
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|[[Image:Simulation_1.png|thumb|256px|Cube falling to the ground plane modeled and rendered in BRL-CAD]]
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|}
  
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First open the mged tool, if you have BRL-CAD installed on your Linux system it should be easy, just type mged in a terminal and a mged terminal should open.
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First, open the '''mged''' interface and create a new database. Next we want to add some geometry to the database. In the command window we will now type the following series of commands:
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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brlcad@brlcad: mged
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mged> units m
 +
mged> in cube.s rpp -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
 +
mged> r cube.r u cube.s
 +
mged> attr set cube.r simulate::type region
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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In the mged terminal select the File menu, and then the New... (file dialog button). A window will appear and a name for your new database will be required. For the purpose of this tutorial we will name the new database, sim1. Introduce the chosen name (sim1) in the "File name:" field and hit save.
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This will create a cube primitive and a containing region. We will use the region later to apply material appearances. We also set the '''simulate::type''' attribute so that the '''simulate''' command regards all primitives within this region as one object.  
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Now you have opened a new database. Next we want to add some geometry to the database. Something that we will have to simulate on.  
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In the mged command window we will now type the following series of commands :
 
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<br>
 
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{|align="left"
 
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|<pre>
 
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mged> in
 
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Enter name of solid: cube
 
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Enter solid type: rpp
 
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Enter XMIN, XMAX, YMIN, YMAX, ZMIN, ZMAX: -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
 
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</pre>
 
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|}
 
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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The "in" command creates new geometry, it allows the user to type in the arguments to create a shape with the name provided by the second argument, in the example above is the name provided when "Enter name of solid:" appears on the screen. The arguments of the in command can be provided one by one, as in the example above or in one single line, like in the example below:
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Now we want to add a fixed "ground" object to our simulation. BRL-CAD's simulated gravity acts in the ''x''-''y'' axis, so our ground plane should be parallel to this axis.
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> in cube rpp -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
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mged> in ground.s rpp -15 15 -15 15 -1 1
 +
mged> r ground.r u ground.s
 +
mged> attr set ground.r simulate::type region
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 +
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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We have so far a box, now we want to add a ground plane to our simulation. Now is the moment to remember that the XY axis is the ground axis, so out plane should be parallel to it, that's why we first introduce the lengths of the the ground plane and then we introduce the "thickness", in our case 2mu. The Z axis is up, so the -1mu and +1mu on it gives the "thickness" of our ground plane. The ground plane must be name "gp", that's the way the program knows that you are defining a surface that will play the role of the ground. After creating regions, the ground region will be named "gp.r" so that the simulation will know that it is actually the plane on which you want your objects to fall onto.
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(*mu = measuring units, by default it is mm)
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We will also add an attribute specifying that this object's position is fixed:
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> in gp rpp -15 15 -15 15 -1 1
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mged> attr set ground.r simulate::mass 0.0
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
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You should see now 2 boxes on your screen, one perpendicular on the other one, with a little overlap between them.
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Using the sed command we will select the box and translate it 100 units on the Y axis.
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We can also give the cube an initial angular velocity (linear velocity can be applied in a similar way):
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> sed box
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mged> attr set cube.r simulate::angular_velocity <2.0,-1.0,3.0>
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mged> tra 0 0 100
 
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mged> accept
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
  
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To be able to run the simulate command our geometry shapes should be grouped in regions to do this we will use the "r" command and create 2 regions for the box and the ground shapes.
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Now we will add some material appearances to the objects:
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<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> r cube.r u cube
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mged> mater cube.r "plastic {tr 0.2 re 0.2}" 255 0 0 y
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mged> r gp.r u gp
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mged> mater ground.r "plastic {tr 0.2 re 0.2}" 0 0 255 y
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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Now we are ready to run the simulate command:
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To specify our simulated system we will define a combination containing both objects. This combination will be modified in-place during the simulation.
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We will also change the units of gravity for the simulation to be
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acceleration in mm/s/s due to the small scale of our model.
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> simulate 100
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mged> comb system.c u cube.r u ground.r
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mged> attr set system.c simulate::gravity <0,0,-9.80665>
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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After the simulation runs its course, we will use the "who" command to find out what objects are being displayed.
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We will now select the cube and translate it 50 units "up" along the ''y''-axis.
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> who
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mged> B system.c
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mged> oed /system.c/cube.r cube.s
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mged> tra 0 0 50
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mged> accept
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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You should get the following answer:
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In order to see what we did so far we should set the view for the geometry we have so far. We will use an "ae 35 15", that means the azimuth angle is at 35 degrees and the elevation at 15 degrees. The angle of elevation of an object as seen by an observer is the angle between the horizontal and the line from the object to the observer's eye (the line of sight).The azimuth of an object is the angular distance along the horizon to the location of the object.We will use "autoview" command to reset the view size and the view center such that all displayed objects are within the view. And then we will do a translation on the Y axis.
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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box ground sim.c
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mged> ae 35 15
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mged> autoview
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mged> tra 0 10 0
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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Now, we don't really want to display the box and the ground shapes, we already have them in the sim.c group so we will unload all the geometry(using the "Z" command) and will load only the simulate geometry(using the "draw sim.c" command).
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Now we can save this view for later:
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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mged> Z
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mged> saveview ae3515.rt
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mged> draw sim.c
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
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|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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Now to actually see the simulation we will raytrace it, using the "rt" command.
 
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<br>
 
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{|align="left"
 
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|<pre>
 
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mged> rt
 
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</pre>
 
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|}
 
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<br style="clear: both" />
 
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To see the initial position of the cube just type :
 
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<br>
 
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{|align="left"
 
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|<pre>
 
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mged> draw cube.r
 
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</pre>
 
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|}
 
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<br style="clear: both" />
 
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Now in order to create an animation from your simulation, you will have to run the script below. It simulates the cube falling on the ground every step for 300 steps and then it renders an image with the specified view (parameters between the 2 EOF lines). The -M option for the rt command specifies that you are going to provide a view script for a file, that's what you are doing between the 2 EOF lines. The -s800 option makes it possible for you to get an 800x800 pixels image. You can try and modify it, to get different size images. The pix-png command outputs a png file from the pix file that was previously rendered.
 
  
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Now we are ready to run the simulate command. To preserve our configuration we will first create a copy of our combination.
 
<br>
 
<br>
 
{|align="left"
 
{|align="left"
 
  |<pre>
 
  |<pre>
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#!/bin/sh
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mged> cp system.c output.c
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# simulate.sh
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mged> B output.c
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########################################################################
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mged> simulate output.c 10.0
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for i in `seq 1 300` ; do
 
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echo "Simulating..."
 
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mged sim.g simulate $i
 
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echo "Raytracing..."
 
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rt -M -s800 -o image$i.pix \
 
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$*\
 
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'/home/brlcad/brlcad/sim.g'\
 
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'sim.c' \
 
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2>> sim.log\
 
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<<EOF
 
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viewsize 1.17972214000000e+02;
 
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orientation 2.48097349045873e-01 4.76590573266048e-01 7.48097349045873e-01 3.89434830518390e-01;
 
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eye_pt 1.21705426379985e+02 8.52190569922928e+01 9.82677168741064e+01;
 
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start 0; clean;
 
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end;
 
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EOF
 
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echo "Generating image..."
 
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pix-png -s800 image$i.pix > image$i.png
 
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rm -f image$i.pix
 
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echo "image"$i".png done"
 
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done
 
 
</pre>
 
</pre>
 
|}
 
|}
 
<br style="clear: both" />
 
<br style="clear: both" />
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This will evaluate 10 seconds of simulated physics.
  
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If you want something simpler, without specifying exactly the view script, you can run the next script, where only the elevation (in degrees is being specified). Also the dimensions of the output image are specified by the -w(width) and -n(height).
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In order to create an animation from your simulation, you will have to run the script below (note that it requires ImageMagick): (in progress)
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<br>
 
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{|align="left"
 
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|<pre>
 
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#!/bin/sh
 
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# simulate.sh
 
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########################################################################
 
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for i in `seq 1 300` ; do
 
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echo "Simulating..."
 
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bin/mged s1.g simulate $i
 
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echo "Raytracing..."
 
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                rt -e 35 -w 640 -n 480 -o image$i.png s1.g sim.c
 
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done
 
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</pre>
 
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|}
 
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<br style="clear: both" />
 

Latest revision as of 17:58, 5 December 2017


BRL-CAD recently integrated a new command into mged, the simulate command, which allows for rigid-body physics simulations. This tutorial demonstrates the usage of the simulate command with a simple scene.

Cube falling to the ground plane modeled and rendered in BRL-CAD

First, open the mged interface and create a new database. Next we want to add some geometry to the database. In the command window we will now type the following series of commands: 

mged> units m
mged> in cube.s rpp -1 1 -1 1 -1 1
mged> r cube.r u cube.s
mged> attr set cube.r simulate::type region


This will create a cube primitive and a containing region. We will use the region later to apply material appearances. We also set the simulate::type attribute so that the simulate command regards all primitives within this region as one object.


Now we want to add a fixed "ground" object to our simulation. BRL-CAD's simulated gravity acts in the x-y axis, so our ground plane should be parallel to this axis. 

mged> in ground.s rpp -15 15 -15 15 -1 1
mged> r ground.r u ground.s
mged> attr set ground.r simulate::type region


We will also add an attribute specifying that this object's position is fixed: 

mged> attr set ground.r simulate::mass 0.0


We can also give the cube an initial angular velocity (linear velocity can be applied in a similar way): 

mged> attr set cube.r simulate::angular_velocity <2.0,-1.0,3.0>


Now we will add some material appearances to the objects: 

mged> mater cube.r "plastic {tr 0.2 re 0.2}" 255 0 0 y
mged> mater ground.r "plastic {tr 0.2 re 0.2}" 0 0 255 y


To specify our simulated system we will define a combination containing both objects. This combination will be modified in-place during the simulation. We will also change the units of gravity for the simulation to be acceleration in mm/s/s due to the small scale of our model. 

mged> comb system.c u cube.r u ground.r
mged> attr set system.c simulate::gravity <0,0,-9.80665>


We will now select the cube and translate it 50 units "up" along the y-axis. 

mged> B system.c
mged> oed /system.c/cube.r cube.s
mged> tra 0 0 50
mged> accept


In order to see what we did so far we should set the view for the geometry we have so far. We will use an "ae 35 15", that means the azimuth angle is at 35 degrees and the elevation at 15 degrees. The angle of elevation of an object as seen by an observer is the angle between the horizontal and the line from the object to the observer's eye (the line of sight).The azimuth of an object is the angular distance along the horizon to the location of the object.We will use "autoview" command to reset the view size and the view center such that all displayed objects are within the view. And then we will do a translation on the Y axis. 

mged> ae 35 15
mged> autoview
mged> tra 0 10 0


Now we can save this view for later: 

mged> saveview ae3515.rt


Now we are ready to run the simulate command. To preserve our configuration we will first create a copy of our combination. 

mged> cp system.c output.c
mged> B output.c
mged> simulate output.c 10.0


This will evaluate 10 seconds of simulated physics.

In order to create an animation from your simulation, you will have to run the script below (note that it requires ImageMagick): (in progress)

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